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development instability in the world system by Tausch, Arno 14 March 2002 12:36 UTC |
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The UNDP (2001) published a very good figure that at one glance summarizes what center and periphery mean today. Jamaica and Madagascar reached their 'development maximum' in 1975, and declined ever since! The average country of the world system reached its development maximum in 1991, and the majority of countries declined ... real GDP per capita: Year of highest value (between 1975 and 1999) Jamaica 1975 Madagascar 1975 Gabon 1976 Guyana 1976 Iran Islamic Rep. of 1976 Mauritania 1976 Senegal 1976 Zambia 1976 Central African Republic 1977 Chad 1977 Nicaragua 1977 Nigeria 1977 Venezuela 1977 Bolivia 1978 Côte d'Ivoire 1978 El Salvador 1978 Ghana 1978 Honduras 1979 Malawi 1979 Mali 1979 Niger 1979 Samoa (Western) 1979 Guatemala 1980 Haiti 1980 Namibia 1980 Saudi Arabia 1980 Togo 1980 Paraguay 1981 Peru 1981 South Africa 1981 Albania 1982 Philippines 1982 Sierra Leone 1982 Trinidad and Tobago 1982 Ethiopia 1983 Rwanda 1983 Comoros 1984 Congo 1984 Gambia 1984 Algeria 1985 Cameroon 1986 Jordan 1986 Romania 1986 Azerbaijan 1987 Angola 1988 Bulgaria 1988 Kazakhstan 1988 Turkmenistan 1988 Belarus 1989 Estonia 1989 Latvia 1989 Moldova Rep. of 1989 Mongolia 1989 Russian Federation 1989 Slovakia 1989 Ukraine 1989 Croatia 1990 Kenya 1990 Kyrgyzstan 1990 Lithuania 1990 Macedonia TFYR 1990 Swaziland 1990 Switzerland 1990 Tanzania U. Rep. of 1990 Uzbekistan 1990 Yemen 1990 Burundi 1991 Zimbabwe 1991 Papua New Guinea 1994 Cambodia 1996 Czech Republic 1996 Thailand 1996 Brazil 1997 Colombia 1997 Ecuador 1997 Guinea-Bissau 1997 Hong Kong China (SAR) 1997 Indonesia 1997 Japan 1997 Lesotho 1997 Malaysia 1997 Argentina 1998 Chile 1998 Eritrea 1998 Israel 1998 Morocco 1998 Turkey 1998 Uruguay 1998 Australia 1999 Austria 1999 Bangladesh 1999 Barbados 1999 Belgium 1999 Belize 1999 Benin 1999 Bhutan 1999 Botswana 1999 Burkina Faso 1999 Canada 1999 Cape Verde 1999 China 1999 Costa Rica 1999 Cyprus 1999 Denmark 1999 Dominican Republic 1999 Egypt 1999 Equatorial Guinea 1999 Fiji 1999 Finland 1999 France 1999 Germany 1999 Greece 1999 Guinea 1999 Hungary 1999 Iceland 1999 India 1999 Ireland 1999 Italy 1999 Korea Rep. of 1999 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 1999 Luxembourg 1999 Mauritius 1999 Mexico 1999 Mozambique 1999 Nepal 1999 Netherlands 1999 New Zealand 1999 Norway 1999 Pakistan 1999 Panama 1999 Poland 1999 Portugal 1999 Singapore 1999 Slovenia 1999 Spain 1999 Sri Lanka 1999 Sweden 1999 Syrian Arab Republic 1999 Tunisia 1999 Uganda 1999 United Kingdom 1999 United States 1999 Viet Nam 1999 read more on this at: http://csf.colorado.edu/wsystems/archive/books/tausch/marathon/submerg1.htm kind regards Arno Tausch
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