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Re: new immanence by Threehegemons 16 February 2003 14:42 UTC |
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In a message dated 2/15/2003 11:54:16 PM Eastern Standard Time,
j.gierus@chello.pl writes:
> Weekend protests seem to confirm the role of what Antonio Negri called
>“multitude” acting on what he called “new plane
> of immanence”.
What is the difference between 'the multitude' and 'the working class'? And
what is the difference between 'a new plane of immanence' and 'socialist
consciousness'? Seriously--I'm curious about how language changes and why.
Over the last weekend, the multitude wasn't just protesting imminent war--it
was also spontaneously uprising in Bolivia (the article below is from Znet):
Working-Class Revolt In Bolivia
by Forrest Hylton
February 13, 2003
BOLIVIA WATCH
Dual power has come to Bolivia most suddenly: not, as expected, in the form of
a coordinated uprising of coca growers, highland Aymara peasants, and Quechua
speaking peasants under the direction of Evo Morales, Felipe Quispe, and the
Joint Chiefs of Staff of the People; instead, high school students and the
working class of La Paz and its satellite city, El Alto, rose up spontaneously
in the largest urban insurrection since the National Revolution of 1952.
On the afternoon of Wednesday, February 12, students from Ayacucho high school
attacked the Presidential Palace in the Plaza de Murillo with stones, and after
the Military Police shot and killed members of the police's Special Group,
crowds burned the headquarters of the major neoliberal political parties (MNR,
MIR, ADN) as well as a privately-owned television station, the vice-president's
office, the Ministry of Labor, and the Ministry of Sustainable Development, the
last of which was created under the first Sánchez de Lozada administration
(1993-97). They looted supermarkets, stores, ATMs, the Central Bank, destroyed
a café frequented by many of Bolivia's notables, and burned a car that was
carrying the son of the leader of MIR. In El Alto, rioters burned and looted
the water company, the power company, Banco Sol, the customs office, and the
mayor's office, and on the morning of February 13, they took over the Coca Cola
and Pepsi bottling plants.
The second Sánchez de Lozada administration, teetering on the brink, has
responded once again with a display of violence, though it does not yet control
the proletarian areas of La Paz and El Alto that voted for Evo Morales and MAS.
Armed with clubs, residents there have organized neighborhood watch groups to
guard against looting and have blocked off main roads as well as selected side
arteries to keep the military out.
As in the National Revolution of 1952, the police are part of the popular
revolt, though it is anyone's guess as to how long the unity will last. What
detonated the uprising-which has since spread to Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and
could easily reach Sucre-was the violence that the Military Police unleashed
against the police's Special Group, which had marched peacefully on the
Presidential Palace to protest proposed tax measures that threaten to further
reduce their meager $105/month salaries. By the end of the Wednesday, February
12, there were more than 100 injured, and the death toll was 18, with 13 in La
Paz and 5 in El Alto, including a young girl. To put this figure in regional
perspective, since Bolivia has just over 8 million inhabitants, a proportionate
number of dead in Colombia would be roughly 95 and in Venezuela, 60. To situate
it in national historical context, the most violent contemporary administration
was that of former IBM executive Jorge Quiroga (2000-2001), which killed
roughly forty peop
Since the major TV stations ceased broadcasting at 7 PM, the first night of the
uprising was not televised, but it was atmospheric: close to midnight, with a
dense fog covering El Alto (the Aymara city of 500,000 above La Paz), people
met in groups of several hundred to discuss strategy, decide on appropriate
tactics, and come up with a division of labor as rumors of an imminent coup
circulated. Human concentrations were strongest on the bridges in La Ceja and
at the toll that separates El Alto from La Paz. Old women, children over 12,
young couples--nearly everyone participated. The streets, empty of traffic and
smoking from the bonfires that rebels had set, were full of broken glass and
large metal objects like desks, road construction signs and iron rods. In the
hillside neighborhoods of northwestern La Paz below El Alto, the scene was much
the same, except that certain secondary routes were deliberately kept open to
traffic and people concentrated in smaller groups, with larger groups battling
the mili
Because it faced the military's tanks, bullets and tear gas in the Plaza San
Francisco, on Thursday, February 13, a march of more than 10,000 people was
dispersed within hours. By early afternoon eight were dead and more than ten
injured with bullet wounds from shots fired by army snipers posted on the
rooftops of buildings and in the streets around the Presidential Palace. One of
the dead was a nurse from the Red Cross who entered a building to help someone
who had been shot.
The lower and middle ranks of the police who led yesterday's revolt do not
recognize the agreement signed by the government and the leadership of the
police in the early morning of February 13, and have called for Sánchez de
Lozada's renunciation-a demand first voiced by Evo Morales in January. They did
not participate in the repression of the march or the assault on El Alto's
barricades (though the Judicial Police rounded up looters).
Morales, absent from the march that he and MAS had called, plans to marshal his
forces in Joint Chiefs of Staff of the People, and though Felipe Quispe is in
Mexico, he returns on Friday, February 14. He and Morales have agreed that the
highland Aymara will join the coca growers in a solidarity blockade. Though it
is impossible to predict anything more specific than a broad spectrum of
possibilities, unless the government manages to bring the lower ranks of the
police into line, and quickly, the extension of dual power in time and space is
one of the possibilities. More likely, the requisite co-ordination across
regional, ethnic, and class barriers will not materialize in time to overthrow
the government. Whatever the short-term outcome, however, the question of dual
power has arisen again in Bolivia, and this time not only in the countryside.
It will not likely disappear anytime soon.
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